Recent Findings Spur Interest in Alzheimer Research
10/22/09
By Ashley Burden
With the recent discovery of three genes that affect a person’s risk of Alzheimer’s (AD), the focus on genetics is once again in the spotlight. The discovery of these three genes, announced in the Journal of Nature Genetics on September 6, helps us answer questions about the risk of AD and explore new treatments.
Genes behaving badly
In genetic research, scientists must search for patterns in DNA reports, establish a common gene and then understand why the identified gene is causing abnormalities. The identified genes have normal roles in the brain, they aren’t placed there solely to do harm, yet slight variations in their DNA can alter their function and possibly cause AD. Why this abnormality occurs is currently under investigation.
The new genes in town
Two European research teams announced in the Journal of Nature Genetics the discovery of three genes related to AD. Two of those genes may be involved in determining the brain’s ability to clear amyloid proteins, one of the toxic substances known to interfere with the brain’s neurons. Plaques containing deposits of a protein fragment called beta-amyloid build up between nerve
cells and cause impairment.
The genes were found through genome-wide association studies, in which long stretches of DNA are examined for small differences between thousands of individuals.
Genome-wide association studies have uncovered many genes associated with chronic illnesses, helping scientists unlock the genetic code that, along with other factors, could help determine risk for AD.
Environmental factors
In discovering these new genes, scientists gain a greater advantage when seeking new treatments for the disease. The more we understand the causes of AD, the more effectively we can treat the symptoms or prevent the onset.
Researchers still agree that, though we’re learning more about the role of genes in AD, the best practice is to prevent the onset of AD. A heart-healthy diet, regular cardio exercise and social engagement seem to limit the risk of AD. What’s good for your heart is good for your brain as those with heart disease, diabetes and stroke are more likely to develop late onset Alzheimer’s disease.
To learn more
On the heels of this latest discovery, we’re hosting an internationally renowned researcher from the Washington University School of Medicine to speak at our 2nd Annual Research Forum. Dr. Alison Goate will present “What role do genes play in my risk for Alzheimer’s disease” on November 6 at the Lenoir Woods Community Center in Columbia (register here).
Most known for her work in reporting the first mutation linked to an inherited form of Alzheimer’s disease, Dr. Goate continues her work in the field. Since that initial discovery, Dr. Goate and colleagues have identified mutations in four other genes, including two that cause AD and two genes that cause frontotemporal dementia.
The future
More than a decade has passed since the last set of AD related genes were announced in the early 90’s. Researchers from this newest announcement anticipate scanning more than 60,000 individuals next year. They hope that, through this continued study of genetic markers, scientists will better understand the nuances of this daunting illness.
